Using the Concrete-Representational-Abstract (CRA) approach—starting with manipulatives, moving to visual models, and then abstract symbols—helps students build strong conceptual understanding that supports procedural knowledge.

Tips for using manipulatives:

• Introduce new tools alongside familiar concepts to build confidence and clarity. Using unfamiliar tools with unfamiliar content can overwhelm students.

• Set clear expectations, allow time for structured exploration, and consider creating individual toolkits to streamline access.

• Use teacher guides and the resources posted below to learn how to effectively integrate these tools and connect them to broader mathematical understanding.

DSB1 classrooms are equipped with a variety of manipulatives to support student learning and exploration. If you're unsure where to find them, check with your principal, math facilitator, or department head.

Click on any of the representations below to learn more.